AI-Guided Multimodal Profiling of Annexin A2 and Vimentin in Gastrointestinal Cancer
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, Annexin A2, Vimentin, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Gastrointestinal cancerAbstract
Gastrointestinal cancers remain a major cause of cancer-related mortality, largely because metastasis limits curative treatment. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key mechanism through which tumor cells acquire invasive, migratory, therapy-resistant, and metastatic phenotypes. Annexin A2 and Vimentin are increasingly recognized as EMT-associated biomarkers with potential value for assessing tumor progression and metastatic risk. This review proposes an AI-guided multimodal framework for profiling Annexin A2 and Vimentin in gastrointestinal cancer. The framework integrates immunohistochemistry, digital pathology, transcriptomics, proteomics, radiomics, liquid biopsy, spatial biology, clinical records, and treatment-response data. AI and machine-learning approaches may enable automated feature extraction, multimodal data integration, biomarker pattern recognition, and development of explainable patient-specific metastatic risk models. Combined profiling of Annexin A2 and Vimentin may provide a more comprehensive representation of EMT activation and metastatic potential than assessment of either marker alone. Such an integrated approach could support risk stratification, treatment monitoring, biomarker-guided therapeutic decisions, and precision oncology. However, clinical implementation requires standardized assays, robust computational validation, external datasets, explainable algorithms, ethical data governance, and prospective clinical evidence. Integrating AI-driven analytics with multimodal profiling of Annexin A2 and Vimentin may provide a promising framework for improving metastasis prediction and supporting personalized management of gastrointestinal cancer.
Downloads
References
Christofidis, K., Tsilioni, I., Koukoulis, G. K., & Theocharis, S. (2024). Annexin A2 in tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary system, and pancreas. Cancers, 16(22), 3764.
Hussain, M. I., Rahman, K., Mamun, M., Azad, M. M., Chowdhury, S. H., & Hossain, M. M. (2025). Explainable AI-driven tree-selection stacking random forest with hybrid feature synthesis for lung cancer survival time prediction. In 2025 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Computing, Applications and Systems (COMPAS) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPAS67506.2025.11381817
Karthikeyan, T., Revathi, V., Baswaraju, S., Venkatasubramanian, S., & Rahman, K. (2025). Securing ovarian cancer detection using an EfficientNet model and patient data privacy based on lightweight encryption. FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Health Science Letters, 3(2), 65–79.
Kundavaram, R. R., Rahman, K., Devarapu, K., Narsina, D., Kamisetty, A., Gummadi, J. C. S., Talla, R. R., Onteddu, A. R., & Kothapalli, S. (2018). Predictive analytics and generative AI for optimizing cervical and breast cancer outcomes: A data-centric approach. ABC Research Alert, 6(3), 214–223.
Nusaiba, M. T., & Rahman, K. (2023). Artificial intelligence, sustainability, and environmental governance: Emerging trends and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(1), 29–36.
Rahman, K. (2020). Harnessing artificial intelligence for predictive analytics in cervical and breast cancer prognosis. NEXG AI Review of America, 1(1), 135–144.
Rahman, K. (2025). Transforming cancer diagnosis with next-generation AI: Tumor genomics and precision-targeted therapies. Warta Saya. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FV2ZJBCP
Rahman, K., & Akhter, M. M. (2022). AI-driven decentralized diagnostics and point-of-care testing: Transforming healthcare marketing and future business through real-time clinical decision support. Technology & Management Review, 7(1), 16–24.
Rahman, K., Nusaiba, M. T., & Tasnim, H. (2025). Automated robotic pipelines for high-throughput tumor genomic screening and diagnosis. Robotics Xplore, 2(1), 33–46.
Rahman, K., Pasam, P., Addimulam, S., & Natakam, V. M. (2022). Leveraging AI for chronic disease management: A new horizon in medical research. Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 9(2), 81–90.
Rivera, S. C., Liu, X., Chan, A. W., Denniston, A. K., Calvert, M. J., & SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI Working Group. (2020). Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: The SPIRIT-AI extension. Nature Medicine, 26(9), 1351-1363.
Rocha, M. R., Barcellos-de-Souza, P., Sousa-Squiavinato, A. C. M., Fernandes, P. V., de Oliveira, I. M., Boroni, M., Morgado-Díaz, J. A., & others. (2018). Annexin A2 overexpression associates with colorectal cancer invasiveness and TGF-β induced epithelial mesenchymal transition via Src/ANXA2/STAT3. Scientific Reports, 8, 11285.
Rocha, M. R., Barcellos-de-Souza, P., Sousa-Squiavinato, A. C. M., Fernandes, P. V., de Oliveira, I. M., Boroni, M., & Morgado-Diaz, J. A. (2018). Annexin A2 overexpression associates with colorectal cancer invasiveness and TGF-beta induced epithelial mesenchymal transition via Src/ANXA2/STAT3. Scientific Reports, 8, 11285.
Rodriguez, M., Rahman, K., Devarapu, K., Sridharlakshmi, N. R. B., Gade, P. K., & Allam, A. R. (2023). GenAI-augmented data analytics in screening and monitoring of cervical and breast cancer: A novel approach to precision oncology. Engineering International, 11(1), 73–84.
Satelli, A., & Li, S. (2011). Vimentin as a potential molecular target in cancer therapy or Vimentin, an overview and its potential as a molecular target for cancer therapy. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 68, 3033–3046.
Satelli, A., & Li, S. (2011). Vimentin as a potential molecular target in cancer therapy or vimentin, an overview and its potential as a molecular target for cancer therapy. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 68(18), 3033-3046.
Schrag, D., Beer, T. M., McDonnell, C. H., Nadauld, L., Dilaveri, C. A., Reid, R., Fitzgerald, K., Chung, K., Lopatin, M., Venn, O., & Klein, E. A. (2023). Blood-based tests for multicancer early detection: The PATHFINDER study. The Lancet, 402(10409), 1251-1260.
Shinwary, S. S., & Rahman, K. (2024). Leadership and management practices in healthcare organizations: Insights from Bangladesh. Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 11(1), 39–49.
Singh, P., Wu, H., Clark, C., & Owlia, A. (2006). Annexin II binds progastrin and gastrin-like peptides, and mediates growth factor effects of autocrine and exogenous gastrins on colon cancer and intestinal epithelial cells. Oncogene, 25(2), 276-286.
Siravegna, G., Marsoni, S., Siena, S., & Bardelli, A. (2017). Integrating liquid biopsies into the management of cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 14(9), 531-548.
Skrede, O. J., De Raedt, S., Kleppe, A., Hveem, T. S., Liestol, K., Maddison, J., Askautrud, H. A., Pradhan, M., Nesheim, J. A., Albregtsen, F., Farstad, I. N., Domingo, E., Church, D. N., Nesbakken, A., Shepherd, N. A., Tomlinson, I., Kerr, R., Novelli, M., Kerr, D. J., & Danielsen, H. E. (2020). Deep learning for prediction of colorectal cancer outcome: A discovery and validation study. The Lancet, 395(10221), 350-360.
Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209-249.
Tasnim, H., Rahman, K., & Maruf, T. I. (2025). AI-powered deep learning models for early detection and prognosis of cancer in Bangladeshi clinical settings. American Digits: Journal of Computing and Digital Technologies, 3(1), 15–30.
Thiery, J. P., Acloque, H., Huang, R. Y. J., & Nieto, M. A. (2009). Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell, 139(5), 871-890.
Tie, J., Cohen, J. D., Lahouel, K., Lo, S. N., Wang, Y., Kosmider, S., Wong, R., Shapiro, J., Lee, M., Harris, S., Khattak, A., Burge, M., Harris, M., Whiting, S., Bowden, S., Ptak, J., Silliman, N., Dobbyn, L., Popoli, M., ... Gibbs, P. (2022). Circulating tumor DNA analysis guiding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 386(24), 2261-2272.
Tie, J., Wang, Y., Tomasetti, C., Li, L., Springer, S., Kinde, I., Silliman, N., Tacey, M., Wong, H. L., Christie, M., Kosmider, S., Skinner, I., Wong, R., Steel, M., Tran, B., Desai, J., Jones, I., Haydon, A., Hayes, T., ... Gibbs, P. (2016). Circulating tumor DNA analysis detects minimal residual disease and predicts recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer. Science Translational Medicine, 8(346), 346ra92.
Topol, E. J. (2019). High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 44-56.
Usman, S., Waseem, N. H., Nguyen, T. K. N., Mohsin, S., Jamal, A., Teh, M. T., & Waseem, A. (2021). Vimentin is at the heart of epithelial mesenchymal transition. Cancers, 13(19), 4985.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 American Observer PressEngineering International follows a hybrid access and licensing model.
Standard publisher-controlled articles may not be reproduced, redistributed, modified, or reused without prior written permission from American Observer Press.
Articles published under the journal’s Open Access option may be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), as indicated on the individual article page.
